The thyroid is an important ductless gland in the shape of a butterfly at the front of our neck. The hormones T3 (Triiodothyronine) and T4 (Thyroxine) produced by it regulate our body’s metabolism (the process of converting food into energy), heart rate, and body temperature. The condition of decreased production of these hormones is called hypothyroidism, and the condition of excessive production is called hyperthyroidism. Here are the 5 main scientific reasons behind thyroid disorders:
Autoimmune Diseases: This is the most important scientific reason for the occurrence of thyroid diseases. This is a condition in which our body’s immune system mistakenly attacks its own thyroid gland as an enemy. These include Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis, which destroys thyroid cells and causes hypothyroidism, and Graves’ Disease, which overstimulates the thyroid and causes hyperthyroidism.
Iodine Imbalance: Iodine is an essential element for the production of thyroid hormones. When the amount of iodine in our diet is too low, the thyroid gland cannot produce hormones and it becomes enlarged (goiter). On the other hand, excessive iodine intake can also cause hyperthyroidism.
Genetics & Family History: If the mother or another close relative in the family has thyroid diseases, the next generation of women is more likely to develop it. Certain genetic structures can affect the function of the thyroid gland and hormone production early on.
Hormonal Changes and Pregnancy: Thyroid diseases are 8 times more common in women than in men. Severe hormonal changes in women’s bodies during pregnancy, postpartum, and menopause can temporarily or permanently disrupt the functioning of the thyroid gland (Postpartum thyroiditis).
Mental stress and pituitary gland disorders: The thyroid gland is controlled by TSH (Thyroid Stimulating Hormone), which is released by the pituitary gland in the brain. Disorders of the pituitary gland can alter TSH levels and cause thyroid disease. In addition, severe mental stress can increase the cortisol hormone and slow down thyroid function.
