Aging: As we age, our body breaks down old bone cells faster than it builds new bone cells.
Hormonal changes (especially in women): After menopause, women’s estrogen levels drop significantly. Since estrogen helps maintain bone strength, its deficiency is a major cause of osteoporosis. Low testosterone levels in men can also affect it.
Vitamin D and calcium deficiency: Calcium is needed for bone formation. The body can only absorb this calcium if it has vitamin D. A deficiency of either of these weakens bones.
Lifestyle:
Lack of exercise (lack of weight-bearing exercises).
Smoking and excessive alcohol consumption reduce bone strength.
Drug use: Steroid drugs (e.g., long-term use for asthma and rheumatism) can cause osteoporosis.
Illnesses: Chronic diseases like thyroid problems, kidney disease, and rheumatoid arthritis can affect bone health.
