Autoimmune activity: The body’s immune system mistakes the cells in the joints as the enemy and tries to destroy them. This results in swelling and pain in the joints.
Genetics: The risk of developing this disease is higher if someone in the family has this disease. Certain types of genes (HLA genes) increase the risk of this disease.
Environmental factors: Studies suggest that smoking, air pollution, and dust particles increase the risk of developing this disease.
Hormonal changes: This disease is found more in women than men. Hormones such as estrogen play a major role in the risk of the disease.
Infections: When certain types of bacteria or viruses enter the body, the immune system is stimulated and it may later change in a way that affects the joints.
Lifestyle: Being overweight, severe stress, and malnutrition can also worsen the symptoms.
