The thyroid is a small butterfly-shaped gland located below our neck. The body’s metabolism, energy, and heart rate are controlled by the hormones released by this gland. The main factors that cause its function to go out of balance are:
1. Iodine Deficiency
Iodine is essential for the production of thyroid hormones. A decrease in iodine in the diet can cause the thyroid gland to swell (goiter) and decrease its function.
2. Autoimmune Diseases
This is a condition in which the body’s immune system attacks its own thyroid gland.
Hashimoto’s Disease: This causes hypothyroidism (a condition in which the hormone is low).
Graves’ Disease: This causes hyperthyroidism (a condition in which the hormone is high).
3. Stress
Excessive stress can adversely affect the function of the thyroid gland. An increase in the stress hormone cortisol can interfere with the production of thyroid hormones.
4. Genetics
If someone in the family has thyroid problems, it is more likely to be inherited. This problem is ten times more common in women than in men.
5. Infections
Infections caused by bacteria or viruses can cause inflammation in the thyroid gland. This can lead to excessive secretion of hormones or cessation of production.
6. Pregnancy
The hormonal changes in the body during pregnancy can affect thyroid function. If this is not treated properly, it can affect the health of the mother and baby.
Main symptoms:
Hypothyroidism: Unexplained weight gain, fatigue, hair loss, irregular periods.
Hyperthyroidism: Excessive weight loss, anxiety, insomnia, rapid heartbeat
