A condition in which thyroid hormones are increased is called hyperthyroidism and a condition in which they are decreased is called hypothyroidism. The main causes are:
1. Iodine Deficiency
Iodine is essential for the production of thyroid hormones. A decrease in iodine in the diet can cause the thyroid gland to swell (goiter) and decrease its function.
2. Autoimmune Diseases
This is a condition in which the body’s immune system mistakenly attacks the thyroid gland.
Hashimoto’s Disease: This causes hypothyroidism.
Graves’ Disease: This causes the hormones to be produced excessively (hyperthyroidism).
3. Stress
Excessive stress can disrupt the functioning of the thyroid gland. An increase in the stress hormone cortisol can affect the balance of thyroid hormones.
4. Genetics
If someone in the family has thyroid problems, others are more likely to have them too. These hormonal changes are especially common in women.
5. Infections (Thyroiditis)
Infections caused by bacteria or viruses can cause inflammation in the thyroid gland. This can lead to excessive secretion or decreased production of hormones.
6. Other health problems
Pancreatic disorders, pituitary gland problems, or hormonal changes during pregnancy can also affect thyroid status.
The main symptoms are:
Hypothyroidism: excessive weight gain, fatigue, hair loss, irregular menstruation.
Hyperthyroidism: excessive weight loss, anxiety, insomnia, rapid heartbeat
