Cancer is not a single cause, but a combination of factors. It is based on changes in the DNA (genetic material) in our cells.
Genetic Mutations:
DNA controls the growth and division of cells in our body. When changes (mutations) occur in this DNA for certain reasons, cells lose the ability to control their division. This causes cells to grow uncontrollably. Such changes may be inherited or may occur during life.
Lifestyle & Environmental Factors:
Smoking and drinking: Carcinogens in tobacco directly damage the DNA of cells. This increases the risk of cancer in the lungs, throat, and mouth.
Diet: Processed foods, excessive sugar, red meat, and salty foods increase the risk of cancer.
Obesity: Obesity causes chronic inflammation in the body, which promotes the growth of cancer cells through hormonal changes.
Infections:
Some viruses and bacteria can cause cancer by changing the function of cells. For example, HPV (Human Papillomavirus) causes cervical cancer, and hepatitis B and C cause liver cancer.
Ultraviolet (UV) rays:
Prolonged exposure to ultraviolet rays from sunlight damages the DNA of skin cells and causes skin cancer.
Chronic Inflammation:
If there is inflammation or infection in any organ of the body for a long time, the cells in that part are constantly destroyed and have to be replaced. During this process, mistakes can occur when DNA is copied, which can lead to cancer.
