Leukemia is caused by the uncontrolled growth of blood cells in the body. There are various types of blood cancers such as leukemia, lymphoma, and multiple myeloma. The main causes behind these may be:
Genetic factors: Changes in DNA (mutations) affect the natural growth and destruction of blood cells. People with certain genetic disorders such as Down syndrome are more likely to develop blood cancer.
Radiation exposure: Exposure to high doses of X-rays or other radiation can cause damage to blood cells. People who have previously undergone radiotherapy as part of other cancer treatments are also at risk of this later.
Chemical exposure: Long-term exposure to chemicals such as benzene used in industries increases the risk of blood cancer. Excessive use of pesticides is also said to be a cause.
Smoking: The harmful chemicals in cigarettes not only damage the lungs but also the blood cells. This is one of the main causes of acute myeloid leukemia (AML).
Immune system disorders: Conditions that weaken the body’s immune system (such as HIV or drugs taken after organ transplants) or certain viral infections can lead to leukemia.
