Edema is not a disease, but a symptom of some other problem within the body. Lack of exercise and sitting still can cause edema in the legs. However, if there is chronic swelling, it is important to see a doctor and get blood tests (LFT, RFT) and a urinalysis done.
The causes of edema also vary depending on where it occurs. The main causes are:
1. Kidney Diseases
When the kidneys are unable to remove excess water and salt (sodium) from the blood, edema occurs in the body. This type of swelling is mainly seen in the legs and under the eyes.
2. Heart Failure
When the heart is unable to pump blood properly, blood accumulates in the veins of the legs and edema occurs there. This can later cause fluid to fill the lungs (Pulmonary Edema).
3. Liver Diseases
When the liver fails, the level of a protein called Albumin in the blood decreases. This can lead to fluid leaking out of the blood vessels and swelling in the abdomen (Ascites) and legs.
4. Excessive salt intake
Excessive salt intake in the diet causes the body to retain more water. This can cause swelling in the hands, feet, and face.
5. Thyroid abnormalities
Low thyroid hormone levels (Hypothyroidism) can slow down metabolism and cause swelling in various parts of the body.
6. Side effects of medications
Long-term use of certain medications for BP, painkillers, and steroids can cause swelling.
