Stomach cancer or gastric cancer is one of the most common types of cancer worldwide and in India, especially in men and adults. It is caused by abnormal changes in the cells lining the stomach. In the early stages, many people fail to recognize it because it resembles common gastrointestinal symptoms (bloating, heartburn). Here are the 5 main scientific reasons behind stomach cancer:
H. Pylori Infection: The most important and proven scientific reason for stomach cancer is chronic infection with the bacterium Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori). These bacteria stick to the protective walls of the stomach and persist for a long time, causing chronic inflammation (Chronic Gastritis) and ulcers there. Over time, this constant inflammation causes genetic changes in the cells and turns into cancer.
Poor diet and high salt (High Salt & Preserved Foods): Regular consumption of highly salty foods (pickles, dried fish), smoked foods, and grilled and fried meats increases the risk of stomach cancer. Nitrosamines, chemicals found in such foods, are powerful carcinogens that damage stomach cells.
Smoking & Alcohol Consumption: Smokers are twice as likely to develop stomach cancer as non-smokers. The harmful components in tobacco reach the stomach through saliva and damage the stomach walls. When combined with excessive alcohol consumption, severe irritation and cell changes occur in the lining of the stomach.
Chronic Gastric Conditions: Some pre-existing diseases related to the stomach can increase the risk of cancer. Pernicious anemia, which occurs when the body is unable to absorb vitamin B12, atrophic gastritis, which causes the stomach cells to shrink, and gastric polyps, which are small growths inside the stomach, are conditions that can later turn into cancer.
Genetics & Family History: If parents or siblings in the family have had stomach cancer, others are more likely to develop this disease. Genetic conditions such as ‘Hereditary Diffuse Gastric Cancer’ (HDGC), which is caused by a mutation in the CDH1 gene, are traditionally associated with this disease. Studies show that people with type A blood group also have a slightly higher risk.
