The blood vessels called arteries (Arteries) deliver fresh blood and oxygen to the organs of our body. (In common parlance, people call them ‘veins’). When there are blockages in these blood vessels, the blood flow to the organs stops and this causes a heart attack in the heart, a stroke in the brain, and severe pain in the legs (PAD). Here are the 5 main scientific reasons behind the blockage in the blood vessels:
Atherosclerosis: The most important scientific reason for the blockage of the blood vessels is atherosclerosis. Excess fat in the food we eat, especially bad cholesterol (LDL Cholesterol) and triglycerides, slowly accumulate on the inner walls of the blood vessels. Over time, this can become a thick layer (Plaque) and completely or partially block the passage of blood.
Blood Clots / Thrombosis: This is a condition in which blood clots form inside the blood vessels. When the plaque that has accumulated in the blood vessels as mentioned earlier suddenly ruptures or breaks (Plaque rupture), the body glues platelets together to stop the bleeding. This causes a large blood clot (Thrombus) to form there suddenly and completely blocks the blood flow.
Smoking and Nicotine Damage (Smoking & Endothelial Damage): Smokers are three times more likely to develop a vein blockage. The nicotine and carbon monoxide in cigarettes cause severe damage to the ‘endothelium’, the protective layer of the blood vessels. This causes the blood vessels to narrow rapidly (Vasoconstriction) and makes it easier for fat to accumulate.
Uncontrolled Diabetes & Hypertension: When blood sugar levels remain high for a long time (Diabetes), it causes severe inflammation in the blood vessels and makes them lose their elasticity. And high blood pressure (High BP) can constantly put pressure on the walls of the blood vessels, making them stiff and increasing the risk of blockage.
Lack of exercise and trans fats (Sedentary Lifestyle & Trans Fats): A sedentary lifestyle slows down the body’s metabolism and reduces the level of good cholesterol (HDL). In addition, trans fats, which are found in bakery products, fast food, and foods fried in repeatedly heated oil, are factors that lead to rapid blockage of blood vessels.
