Cough is a natural defense mechanism that the body uses to expel harmful substances (dust, smoke, phlegm, germs) when they enter our lungs or airways. However, a cough that lasts for days can disrupt sleep and cause chest pain. Here are 5 main scientific reasons behind coughing:
Viral or bacterial infections: Respiratory infections such as colds, flu, bronchitis, and pneumonia are the most common causes of sudden cough. When viruses or bacteria cause inflammation in the airways, the body produces mucus and coughs continuously to expel it. Even after the infection clears up, some people may have a cough that lasts for weeks (Post-viral cough).
Asthma & Allergies: When dust, smoke, pollen, and pet dander are inhaled, some people’s airways suddenly narrow and fill with mucus. Scientifically, this is called asthma or allergic bronchitis. Such people often experience severe chest tightness, shortness of breath, and a chronic dry cough.
Post-Nasal Drip: In people with chronic sinusitis or allergic rhinitis (allergies in the nose), excess fluid/phlegm produced in the nose and sinuses drains into the back of the nose and throat. This constantly stimulates the nerves in the throat, causing chronic coughing and throat irritation.
Acidity and Acid Reflux Disease (GERD – Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease): Many people do not know that stomach acidity can cause coughing. When the strong acid produced in the stomach to digest the food we eat goes up through the esophagus and reaches the throat, it irritates the nerves in the airways. This can cause a chronic dry cough (especially at night).
Smoking and air pollution (Smoking & COPD): In smokers, the chemicals in tobacco damage the airways in the lungs and cause chronic inflammation. This is called COPD. In addition, people who regularly breathe in factory smoke and vehicle exhaust containing large amounts of chemicals also experience a chronic cough with thick phlegm.
