1. Hypothyroidism
This is a condition in which the body is unable to produce the required amount of thyroid hormone. The causes of this are:
Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis: This is an autoimmune disease in which the body’s immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys the thyroid gland. This is the most common cause of hypothyroidism.
Iodine Deficiency: A decrease in the level of iodine in the body can directly affect the production of thyroid hormone.
Genetics: If someone in the family has thyroid problems, there is a risk of genetics.
Side effects of certain medications: Some medications used for other diseases can slow down thyroid function.
Thyroid surgery: The gland needs to be completely or partially removed for tumors or cancer in the thyroid gland.
2. Hyperthyroidism
This is a condition in which the thyroid gland produces more hormones than it needs. Causes:
Graves’ Disease: This is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism. This is also an autoimmune condition that overstimulates the thyroid gland.
Thyroid Nodules / Toxic Adenoma: Some tumors in the thyroid gland can start producing hormones uncontrollably.
Thyroiditis: Inflammation of the thyroid gland due to a virus or other cause can cause the thyroid gland to suddenly release stored hormones into the bloodstream.