Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis (Main Cause): This is an autoimmune disease in which the body’s immune system mistakenly attacks its own thyroid gland, which slows down the gland’s function and reduces thyroid hormone production.
Iodine Deficiency: Not getting enough iodine from the diet can directly affect the function of the thyroid gland.
Thyroid Surgery or Radiation: Radiation treatment given to the neck for other diseases or surgery to remove the thyroid gland can cause this.
Genetics: It is more likely to occur if parents or close relatives in the family have thyroid problems.
Side effects of certain medications: Certain medications used for other diseases can slow down the function of the thyroid gland.
2. Causes of Hyperthyroidism (Hyperthyroidism – Increased Hormone):
Grave’s Disease (Main Cause): This is a condition in which the thyroid gland becomes overstimulated due to changes in the body’s immune system, causing it to produce more hormones than necessary.
Thyroid Nodules / Goiter: Small lumps or bumps that develop in the thyroid gland can cause an uncontrolled increase in hormone production.
Thyroiditis: When the thyroid gland becomes inflamed due to viral infections or other causes, the hormones stored in it can suddenly leak into the bloodstream and cause hyperthyroidism.